Heat Stress In Dairy Calves

Dairy calves grow best when temperatures are in the 55-78 F range. Temperatures above or below that can affect growth in several ways. Below are some tips and facts taken from the Kent Nutrition Notes.

What happens to calves during heat stress?

• Body temp increases, sluggish behavior

• Respiration rate increases, using extra energy to cool itself

• Appetite decreases, feed intake decreases

• Water loss through evaporation

• Negative change in metabolic rate and hormones

• Immune system suppressed

Important Signs of Heat Stress

• Reduced movement

• Faster breathing rates

• Open-mouthed panting

• Decreased feed intake, especially starter

• Increased water consumption

Top 3 Things That Cause Heat Stress

1. Air temperature around the calf

2. Relative humidity of the air around the calf

3. Air movement around the calf

Management Practices to Reduce Heat Stress

• Provide water at all times, Young calves need 3-6 gallons of water per day to help cooling

• Provide shade

• Promote good air exchange, vents open, doors open, elevate huts

• Perform stress activites (dehorning, vaccinations, pen moves, or transportation) in the morning when temps are lower

Feeding Management Practices in Heat

• Feed excellant quality milk replacer

• Free choice a highly fortified/palatable calf starter

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